A shih tzu with its head cocked to the side

The Shih Tzu is a breed known for its friendly temperament and distinctive, luxurious coat. This small, sturdy dog is often referred to as a “lion dog” due to its mane-like appearance and has been a beloved companion for centuries. Below, we explore various aspects of the Shih Tzu breed, from physical characteristics to its rich history.

Height

Shih Tzus are generally small in stature, standing about 9 to 10.5 inches (23 to 27 cm) tall at the shoulder. Their compact size makes them ideal pets for apartment living and for owners who prefer a smaller breed that is easy to handle.

Colors

Shih Tzus boast a wide range of coat colors, including black, white, blue, gold, silver, liver, and brindle. They can be solid, have a mask, or be multicolored with various markings. The diversity in their coat color is one of the breed’s charming attributes, making each Shih Tzu uniquely beautiful.

Weight

A healthy Shih Tzu typically weighs between 9 to 16 pounds (4 to 7.25 kg). Their weight should be proportional to their height, with a sturdy, well-balanced body structure.

Life Expectancy

Shih Tzus have a relatively long life expectancy, often living from 10 to 16 years. With proper care, regular veterinary check-ups, and a healthy lifestyle, these dogs can be a long-term companion.

Physical Characteristics

The Shih Tzu is known for its beautiful, flowing coat, which can reach the ground if left untrimmed. They have a distinct round face with a short, square muzzle and large, dark, expressive eyes. Their ears are long and covered with fur, and they have a heavily furred tail that curls over the back. Despite their luxurious coat, Shih Tzus are surprisingly sturdy and agile.

Health Concerns & Other Considerations

Shih Tzus are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they’re prone to certain health conditions. These can include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, eye issues such as progressive retinal atrophy, and breathing problems due to their short muzzle. Regular vet visits and attention to their health can help manage these issues.

Personality Traits

Shih Tzus are known for their affectionate, happy, and friendly demeanor. They are adaptable to various living situations and make excellent pets for families, singles, and seniors alike. They enjoy being with people and can be quite playful and lively. Despite their small size, they have a confident and courageous personality.

Shih Tzu History

Shih Tzu statue outside a temple
The garden of a Buddhist temple. Photo: Александр Байдуков

The Shih Tzu’s history is steeped in mystery and royalty. Originating from Tibet or China, they are one of the oldest dog breeds, with evidence suggesting their existence as far back as 1000 BC. They were highly revered by Chinese royalty and were often kept in the imperial palace, where they lived a life of luxury and were treated like royalty themselves.

The breed’s name, “Shih Tzu,” translates to “lion dog” in Mandarin, reflecting their role in Buddhist mythology as the guardians of temples. The Shih Tzu’s lion-like appearance was highly valued, and they were bred to resemble the lions depicted in traditional oriental art.

Shih Tzus were almost lost as a breed during the Chinese Revolution in the early 20th century. However, a few dogs were smuggled out of China to England and Norway, where dedicated breeders worked to preserve and continue the breed. The Shih Tzu was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969, and since then, it has become a popular companion dog around the world, cherished for its friendly nature and beautiful appearance.

The Shih Tzu continues to be a symbol of luxury and companionship, with its rich history and affectionate personality making it a beloved pet in many households.